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第1~15题,每小题3分,共45分。下列每题所给出的A、B、C、D、五个选项中;只有一项堤符合试题要求的。
1油价上涨5%后,加一箱油比原来多花20元，-个月后油价下降了4%,则财-箱油需要花()钱
A.384元
B.401元
C.402.8元
D.403.2元
E.404元
[答案]D
2.已知甲、乙公司的利润比为3:4,甲、丙公司的利润比为1:2,若乙公司的利润为3000万,则公司的利润为().
A.5000万元
B.4500万元
C.4000万元
D.3500万元
E.2500万元
[答案]B
3.一个分数的分子与分母之和为38,约分后都减去15,约分后为1/3,则这个分数的分母与分子的差为().
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
E.5
[答案]D
[答案]A
5.某公司财务部有2名男员工,3名女员工;销售部4名男员工，1名女员工;现要求从中选2名男员工和1名女员工组成工作小组，并要求每部分至少有1名员工入选,则工作小组的构成方式有()种
A.24
B.36
C.50
D.51
E.68
[答案]D
6.甲、乙从同一-地点出发,甲先出发10分钟，若乙跑步追赶甲,则10分钟可追上;若乙骑车追赶甲,且骑车每分钟比跑步多行100米,则5分钟可追上,则甲每分钟走的距离为().
A.50m
B.75m
C.100m
D.125m
E.150m
[答案]C
[答案]A
8.由于防控,电影院要求不同家庭之间至少间隔1个座位,同-家庭成员座位要相连有两个家庭看电影，一家3人，一家2人，现有一排7个相连的座位,则符合要求的座法有()种.
A.36
B.48
C.72
D.144
E.216
[答案]C
9.方程X2-3|X-2|-4=0的所有实数根的和为().
A.-4
B.-3
C.-2
D.-1
E.0
[答案]B
[答案]C
12.跳水比赛中,裁判给某选手的一一个动作分打分,平均分值为8.6,差为1.1;若去掉最分9.7和最低分7.3,则剩余得分().
A平均值变小,方差变大
B平均值变小，方差变小
C.平均值变小，差不变
D.平均值变大,差变大
E.平均值变大,方差变小
[答案]E
[答案]B
[答案]E
15.快递员收到3个同城快递任务,取送地点各不相同,取送件可穿插进行,则不同的送件方式有()种.
A.6
B.27
C.36
D.90
E.360
[答案]D
条件充分性判断
第16~25题,每小题3分,共30分。要求判断每题给出的条件(1)和条件(2)能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论。下列每题所给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中,只有-项是符合试题要求的。
16.有体育、术、乐、舞蹈4个兴趣班，每名同学至少参加2个,则至少有12名同学参加的兴趣班完全相同.
(1)参加兴趣班的同学有125人
(2)参加2个兴趣班的同学有70人
A.条件(1)充分但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]D
17.
A.条件(1)充分.但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)分，条件(2)也充分
E条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]C
18.已知等比数列{an}的公比大于1,则{an}单调递增.
(1)a是X2-X-2=0的根.
(2)a是X2+X-6=0的根.
A.条件(1)分,但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]C.
19.
A条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]A
20.
A.条件(1)充分.但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]E
21.甲、乙两车分别从A、B两地同时出发相向而行,1小时后,甲车到达C点，乙车到达D点(如图),则能确定A、B两地的距离.
(1)已知C、D两地的距离.
(2)已知甲、乙两车的速度比.
A.条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]E
22.已知是三个不同的质数,则能确定的乘积.
(1)m+n+p=16
(2)m+n+p=20
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]A
23.八个班参加植树活动,共植树195棵,则能确定各班植树棵树的最小值.
(1)各班植树的棵树均不相同.
(2)各班植树棵树的最大值是28.
A.条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]C
24.
A.条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)充分:但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]C.
25.甲有两张牌，乙有两张牌,甲、乙各任意取出一张牌,则甲取出的牌不于乙取出的牌的概率不小于1/2.
(1)a>x.
(2)a+b>x+y.
A.条件(1)分,但条件(2)不充分
B.条件(2)分.但条件(1)不充分
C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分
D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分
E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分
[答案]B
逻辑单项选择题
第26~5S题,每小题2分,共60分。下列每题所给出的A、B、C、D、五个选项中;只有一项是符合试题要求的。
26.爱因斯坦思想深刻、思维创新。他不仅是一位伟大的科学家,还是一位思想家和人道主义者,同时也是一位充满个性的有趣人物。他一生的经历表明,只有拥有诙谐幽默、充满个性的独立人格,才能做到思想深刻、思维创新。根据以上陈述,可以得出以下哪项?
A.有的思想家不是人道主义者。
B.有些伟大的科学家拥有诙谐幽默、充满个性的独立人格
C.科学家一旦诙谐幽默、充满个性，就能做到思想深刻、思维创新
D.有些人道主义者诙谐幽默、充满个性,但做不到思想深刻、思维创新
E.有的思想家做不到诙谐幽默、充满个性,但能做到思想深刻、思维创新
[答案]E
27.处理餐厨的传统方式主要是厌氧发酵和填理,前者利用产生的沼气发电投资成本高:后者不仅浪费土地,还污染环境。近日,某公司尝试利用蟑螂来处理。该公司饲养了3亿只“美洲大*蟑螂,每天可吃掉15吨餐厨。有专家据此认为,用蟑螂吃掉\”这-生物处理方式解决餐厨,既经济又环保。
以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑上述专家的观点?
A.餐厨经发酵转化为能源的处理方式已被国际认可，我国这方面的技术也相当成熟。
B.大量人工养殖后,很难保证蟑螂不逃离控制区域，而一旦蟑螂逃离,则会危害周边生态环境
C.前期在工厂土地划拨方面对该项目给予了政策扶持，后期仍需进行公共安全检测和环境评估
D.我国动物蛋白饲料非常缺乏，1吨蟑螂及其所产生的卵鞘，可产生1吨昆虫蛋白饲料，饲养蟑螂将来盈利十分可观。
E.该公司正在建设新车间，竣工后将能饲养20亿只蟑螂,它们虽然能吃掉全区的餐厨,但全市仍有人餐厨需要通过传统方式处理
[答案]B
28.记者:贵校是如何培养创新型人才的?
受访者:大学生踊跃创新创业是我校的一个品牌。在相关课程学*中,我们注重激发学生创业的积极性,引导学生想创业，通过实训、体验，让学生能创业:通过学校提供专业化的服务,帮助学生创成业。在高校创业者收益榜中,我们学校名列榜首。以下哪项最可能是上述对话中受访者论述的假设?
A.不懂创新就不懂创业。
B.创新能力越强，创业收益越高。
C.创新型人才培养主要是创业技能的培训和提升
D.培养大学生创业能力只是培养创新型人才的任务之一
E.创新型人才的主要特征是具有不拘队规、勇于开拓的创新精神
[答案]C
29.某部门抽检了肉制品、白酒、乳制品、干果、蔬菜、水产品、饮料等7类商品共521种样品，发现其中合格样品515种,不合格样品6种，已知:
(1)蔬菜，白酒中有2种不合格样品;
(2)肉制品、白酒、蔬菜、水产品中有5种不合格样品;
(3)蔬菜、乳制品、干果中有3种不合格样品。
根据上述信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.乳制品中没有不合格样品。
B.肉制品中没有不合格样品。
C.蔬菜中没有不合格样品。
D.白酒中没有不合格样品。
E.水产品中没有不合格样品。
[答案]D
30.时时刻刻总在追求幸福的人不一定能获得大的幸福，刘某说自己获得了最大的幸福，所以,刘某从来不曾追求幸福。以下哪项与上述论证方式最为相似?
A年年岁岁总是帮助他人的人不一定能成为名人，李某说自己成了名人,所以李某从来不曾帮助他人
B.口口声声不断说喜欢你的人不一定最喜欢你,陈某现在说他最喜欢你,所以陈过去从未喜欢过你。
C.冷冷清清空无一人的商场不-定没有利润,某商场今年亏损,所以,该商场总是空无一人。
D.日日夜夜一直想躲避死亡的士兵反而最容易在战场上丧命,林某在一次战斗中重伤不治,所以,林某从来没有躲避死亡
E分分秒秒每天抢时间工作的人不一定是普通人，宋某看起来很普通,所以,宋某肯定没有每天抢时间工作
[答案]A
31-32题基于以下题干
某中学举行径运动会,二(3)班甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己26人报名参寒。在跳远、跳高和铅球3项比赛中,他们每人都报名1~2项，其中2人报名跳远，3人报名跳高,3人报名铅球。另外,还知道:
(1)如果甲、乙至少有1人报名铅球,则丙也报名铅球;
(2)如果己报名跳高,则乙和己均报名跳远;
(3)如果丙、戊至少有1人报名铅球,则己报名跳高。
31.根据以上信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.甲报名铅球,乙报名跳远。
B.乙报名跳远,丙报名铅球。
C.丙报名跳高,丁报名铅球。
D.丁报名跳远,戊报名器高。
E.戊报名跳远,己报名跳高。
[答案]B
32.如果甲、乙均报名跳高,则可以得出以下哪项?
A.丁、戊均报名铅球。
B.乙、丁均报名铅球。
C.甲、戊均报名铅球。
D.乙、戊均报名铅球。
E.甲、丁均报名铅球。
[答案]A
33.进入移动互联网时代,扫码点餐、在线挂号网购车票、电子支付等智能化生活方式日益普及，人们的生活越来越便捷。然而，也有很多老年人因为不会使用智能手机等设备,无法进入菜场、超市和公园,也于法上网娱乐与购物，甚至在新冠期间无法从于机中调出健康码而被拒绝乘坐公共交通。对此,某专家指出,社会在高速发展,可能慢\”下来等老年人:老年人应该加强学*,跟上时代发展。以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑该专家的观点?
A.老年人也享有获得公共服务的权利,为他们保留老办法,提供传统服务,既是一种社会保障,更是一种社会公德
B.有些老年人学*能力较强,能够熟练使用多种电子产品,充分感受移动互联网时代的美好
C.目前中国有2亿多老年人,超4成的老年人存在智能手机使用障碍,仅会使用手机打电话
D.社会管理和服务不应只有一种模式,而应更加人性化和多样化,有些合理的生活方式理应得到尊重
E.有些老年，人感觉自己被时代抛弃了,内心常常充斥着窘迫与挫败感,这容易导致他们与社会的加速脱离
[答案]A
34.某单位采购了一批图书,包括科学和人文两大类。具体情况如下:
(1)哲学类图书都是英文版的;
(2)部分文学类图书不是英文版的;
(3)历史类图书都是中文版的;
(4)没有一本书是中英双语版的;
(5)科学类图书既有中文版的,也有英文版.的;
(6)人文图书既有哲学类的,也有文学类的,还有历史类的。
根据以上信息，关于该单位采购的这批图书，可以得出以下哪项?
A.有些文学类图书是中文版的。
B.有些历史类图书不属于哲学类。
C.英文版图书比中文版图书数量多
D.有些图书既属于哲学类也属于科学类。
E.有些图书既属于文学类也属于历史类。
[答室]B
35.曾几何时,“免费服务\”是互联网的重要特征之一,如今这一情况正在发生改变。有些人在网上开辟知识付费平台,让寻求知识、学*知识的读者为阅读“买单”,这改变了人们通过互联网免费阅读的*惯。近年来,互联网知识付费市场的规模正以连年翻番的速度增长。但是有专家指出,知识付费市场的发展不可能长
久，因为人们大多不愿为网络阅读付费。以下哪项如果为真,最能质疑上述专家的观点?
A.高强度的生活节奏使人无法长时间、系统性阅读纸质文本,见缝插针、随时呈现式的碎片化、网络化阅读已成为获取知识的常态
B.日常工作的劳累和焦虑使得人们更喜欢在业余时间玩网络游戏、看有趣视频或与好友进行微信聊天
C.日益增长的竞争压力促使当代人不断学*新知识,只要知识付费平台做得足够好,他们就愿意为此付费
D.当前网上知识付费平台竞争激烈，尽管内容丰富、形式多样,但是鱼龙混杂、缺少规范，一些年轻人沉湎其中难以自拔
E.当前，许多图书资料在互联网上均能免费获得，只要合理用于自身的学*和研究一般不会产生知识产权问题
[答案]C
36.甲:如今,独特性正成为中国人的一种生活追求。试想周末我穿一件心仪的衣服走在大街上，突然发现你迎面走来,和我穿得一模一样，“撞衫”的感觉八成会是尴尬之中带着一丝不快,因为自己不再独一无二。
乙:独一无二真的那么重要吗?想想上世纪七十年代满大街的中山装、八十年代遍地的喇叭裤，每个人也活得很精彩。再说“撞衫\”总是难兔的,再大的明星也有可能撞衫”,所谓的独特只是一厢情愿。趋己的路，不要管自己是否和别人一样。
以下哪项是对甲、乙对话最恰当的评价?
A.甲认为独一无二是现在每个中国人的追求，而乙认为没有人能做到独一无二
B.甲关心自己是否和别人“撞衫”,而乙不关心自己是否和别人一样
C.甲认为“撞衫“八成会让自己感到不爽,而乙认为自己想怎么样就怎么样
D.甲关心的是个人生活的独特性,而乙关心的是个人生活的自我认同
E.甲认为乙遇到“撞衫“无所谓,而乙认为别人根本管不着自己穿什么
[答案]D
37-38基于以下题干
某研究所甲、乙、丙、丁、戍5人拟定去我国四大佛教名山普陀山、九华山、殆山,峨眉山考察,他们每人去了上述两座名山,且每座名均有其中的2~3人前往两与丁结伴考察。已知:
(1)如果甲去五台山,则乙和丁都去五台山;
(2)如果甲去峨眉山,则丙和戊都去峨眉山;
(3)如果甲九华山,则戊去九华山和普陀山。
37.根据以上信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.甲去五台山和普陀山。
B.乙去五台山和峨眉山。
C.丙去九华山和五台山。
D.戊去普陀山和峨眉山。
E.J去峨眉山和五台山。
[答案]E
38.如果乙去普陀山和九华山,则5人四大名山(按题干所列顺序)的人次之比是
A.3:3:2:2
B.2:3:3:2
C.2:2:3:3
D.3:2:2:3
E3:2:3:2
[答案]A
39.水在温度高于3749C、励大于22MPa的条件下,称为超临界水。超临界水能与有机物完全互溶,同时还可以大量溶解空气中的氧，而无机物特别是盐类在超临界水中的溶解度很低。由此，研究人员认为,利用超临界水作为特殊溶剂,水中的有机物和氧气可以在极短时间内完成氧化反应,把有机物彻底秒杀”。
以下哪项如果为真,最能支持上述研究人员的观点?
A.有机物在超临界水中通过分离装置可瞬间转化为无毒无害的水、无机盐以及二氧化碳等气体，并最终在生产和生活中得到回收利用
B超临界水氧化技术具有污染物去除率高、二次污染小、反应迅速等特征,被认为是水处理技术中的“杀手锏”，具有广阔的工业应用前景
C.超临界水只有兼具气体与液体的高扩散性、高溶解性、反应活性及低表面张力等优良特性,才能把有机物彻底秒杀\”
D.超临界水氧化技术对难以降解的农化、石油、制药等有机废水尤为适用。
E如果超临界水氧化技术成功应用于化工、制药等行业的污水处理,可有效提升流域内重污染行业的控源减排能力
[答案]C.
40.小陈与几位朋友商定利用假期到某地旅游,他们在桃花坞、第一山、古生物博物馆、新四军军部旧址、琉璃泉、望江阁6个景点中选择了4个游览。已知:
(1)如果选择桃花坞,则不选择古生物博物馆而选择望江阁;
(2)如果选择望江阁,则不选择第一而选择新四军军部旧址。
根据以上信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.他们选择了桃花坞。
B.他们没有选择望江阁。
C.他们选择了新四军军部旧址。
D.他们没有选择第一山。
E.他们没有选择古生物博物馆。
[答案]C
41.张先生欲花5万元购置橱柜、卫浴或供暖设备。已知:
(1)如果买橱柜,就不买卫浴，也不买供暖设备;
(2)如果不买橱柜,就买卫浴;
(3)如果卫浴、橱柜至少有一种不买,则买.供暖设备。
根据以上陈述,关于张先生的购买打算,可以得出以下哪项?
A买橱柜和卫浴
B买栅柜和供暖设备
C.买橱柜，但不买卫浴
D.买卫浴和供暖设备
E.买卫浴,但不买供暖设备
[答案]D
42.某台电脑的登录密码由0~9中的6个数字组成，每个数字最多出现–次。关于该6位密码，已知:
(1)741605中,共有4个数字正确,其中3个位置正确，1个位置不正确;.
(2)320968中,恰有3个数字正确且位置正确;
(3)417280中,共有4个数字不正确。
根据上述信息,可以得出该登录密码的前两位是
A.71
B.42
C.72
D.31
E.34
[答案]E
43.研究表明,鱼油中的不饱和脂肪酸能够有效降低人体内血脂水平并软化血管,因此，鱼油通常被用来预防由高血脂弓|起的心脏病、动脉粥样硬化和高胆固醇血症等疾病;降低死亡风险。但有研究人员认为,食館鱼油不一定能够有效控制血脂水平并预防由高血脂引起的各种疾病。
以吓哪项如果为填,最能支持上述研究人员的观点?
A.鱼油虽然优于猪油、牛油,但毕竟是脂肪，如果长期食用，就容易弓|起肥胖
B.鱼油的概念很模糊,它既指鱼体内的脂肪，也包括被做成保键品的鱼油制品
C.不饱和脂肪酸很不稳定,只要接触空气、阳光，就会氧化分解
D.通过长期服用鱼油制品来控制体内血脂的观点始终存在学术争议。
E.人们若要身体健康最好注重膳食平衡,而不是仅仅依靠服用浓缩鱼油
[答案]C
44.近年来,–些地方修改了本地见义勇为相关条例,强调对生命的敬畏和尊重,既肯定大义然、挺身而出的见义勇为,更鼓励和倡导科学、合法、正当的“见义智为”。有专家由此指出,从鼓励见义勇为到倡导“见义智为”,反映了社会价值观念的进步。
以下各项如果为真,则除了哪均能支持上述专家的观点?
A.“见义智为\”强调以人为本、合理施救，表明了科学理性、互帮互助的社会价值取向
B.有时见义勇为需要专业技术知识,普通民众如果没有相应的知识,最好不要贸然行事，应及时报警求助
C.所有的生命都是平等的,救人者与被救者都具有同等的生命价值,救人者的生命同样应得到尊重和爱护
D.我国中小学正在引导学生树立应对突发危机的正确观念,教育学生如何在保证自身安全的情况下“机智”救助他人
E.倡导“见义智为\”容易给-些自私懦弱的人逃避社会责任制造借口，见死不救的惨痛案例可能会增多，社会道德水平可能因此而下滑
[答案]E
45.近期一项数据显示:中国并不缺少外科医生,而是缺少能做手术的外科医生;中国人均拥有的外科医生数量同其他中高收入国家相当,但中国人均拥有的外科医生所做的手术量却比那些国家少40%。
以下哪项如果为真,最能解释上述现象?
A.年轻外科医生一般总要花费数年时间协助资深外科医生手术,然后才有机会亲自主切上阵,这已成为国内外医疗行业惯例
B.近年来,我国能做手术的外科医生的人均手术量，已与其他中高收入国家外科医生的人均手术量基本相当
C.患者在需要外科手术时都想请经验丰富的外科医生为其主刀,不愿成为年轻医生的练*对象,对此医院一般都会有合理安排
D.资深外科医生经常收到手术邀请,他们常年奔波在多所医院为年轻医生主刀示范,培养了不少新人
E.从一名医学院学生成长为能做手术的外科医生,需要经历漫长的学*过程，有些人中途不得不放弃梦想而另谋职业
[答案]A
46-47题于以下题干
单位购买了《尚书》《周易》《诗经》《论语》《老子》《孟子》各1本,分发给甲、乙、丙、J、戍5个部门,每个部门至少1本，已知:
(1)若《周易》《老子》《孟子》至少有1本分发给甲或乙部门，则《尚书》分发给丁部门且《论语》分发给戊部门;
(2)若《诗经》《论语》至少有1本分发给甲或乙部门,则《周易》分发给丙部门且《老子》分发给戊部门。
46.若《尚书》分发给丙部门,则可以得出以下项?
A.《诗经》分发给甲部门
B.《论语》分发给乙部门
C.《老子》分发给丙部门
D.《孟子》分发给丁部门
E.《周易》分发给戊部门
[答案]D
47.若《老子》分发给丁部门，则以下哪项是不可能的?
A.《周易》分发给甲部门
B.《周易》分发给乙部门
C.《诗经》分发给丙部门
D.《尚书》分发给丁部门
E.《诗经》分发给戊部门
[答案]E
48.“嫦娥\”登月、“神舟巡天,我国不断谱写飞天步想的新篇章。于太空失重环境的多重效应,研究人员正在探究植物在微重力环境下生存的可能性。他们设想,如果能够在太空中种植新鲜水果和蔬菜,则不仅有利于航天的身体健康，而且还可以降低食物的上天成本,同时,可以利其消耗的二氧化碳产生氧气,为航天员生活与工作提供有氧环境。
以下哪项如果为真,则可能成为研究人员实现上述设想的最大难?
A.为了携带种子、土壤等种植必需品上天，飞船需要减少其他载荷以满足发射要求,这可能影响其他科学实验的安排
B.有些航天员虽然在地面准备阶段学*掌握了植物栽培技术,但在太空的实际作中他们可能会遇到意想不到的情况
C.太空中的失重,宇宙射线等因素会对植物的生长和发有产生不良影响,用这些植物可能有损航天员的健康
D.有些航天员将植物带入太空,又成功带回地面，短暂的太空经历对这些植物后来的生长发育可能造成影响
E.过去很多航天器携带植物天,因为缺乏生长条件,这些植物都没有存活很长时间
[答案]C
49.十多年前曾有传闻:M国从不生产一次性筷子,完詮依赖进口,而且M国96%的一次性筷子来自中国2019年有媒体报道,“去年M国出口的木材中,约有40%流向了中国市场,而且今年中国订单的比例还在进一步攀升,中国已成为M国木材出口中占比最大的国家。“张先生据此认为,中国和M国木材进出口角色的转换，表明中国人的环保意识已经超越M国。
以下项如果为真,最能削弱张先生的观点?
A.十多年前的传闻不一定反映真实情况,实际情形是中国的一次性筷子比其他国家的更便宜
B.从2018年起,中国相关行业快速发展,木材需求急剧增长:而M国多年养护的速生林正处于采伐期,出口量逐年递增
C.近年中国修订相关规范,原来只用于商品外包装的M国杉木现也可用于木结构建筑物，导致进口大增
D.制作一次性筷子的木材主要取自速生杨树或者桦树，这类速生树种只占中国经济林的极小部分
E.中国和M国在木材贸易上的角色转换主要是经济发展导致,环保意识只是因素之一,但不是主要因素
[答案]C
50.某公司为了让员工多运动,近日出台一顶规定:每钥按照18万步的标准对员工进行核，如果没有完成步行任务,则按照“一步-分钱”标准和钱,有专家认为,此举鼓励运动,看似对员工施加压力,实质上能够促进员工的身心健康,引导整个企业积极向上。
以下各项如果为真,则除哪项外均能质疑上述专家的观点?
A.按照我国《劳动法》等相关法律规定，企业规章制度所涉及的员工行为应与工作有失，而步行显然与工作无关
B.步行有益身体健廉,但规定每月必须步行18步,不达标就扣钱,显得有些简单粗暴，这会影响员工对企业的认同感
C.公司鼓励员工多运动,此举不仅让员工锻炼身体,还可释放工作压力,培养良好品格，改善人际关系
D.有员工深受该规定的困扰,为了完成考核,他们甚至很晚不得不外出运动,影响了正常休息
E.该公司老张在网_上购买了专门刷步行数据的服务,只花1元钱就可轻松购得两万步
[答案]C
51.通过第三方招聘进入甲公司从事销售工作的职员均具有会计学专业背景。孔某的高中同学均没有会计学专业背景,甲公司销售部经理謀是孔某的高中同学,而孔某是通过第三方招聘进入甲公司的。
根据以上信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.孔某具有会计学专业背景
B.謀不是通过第三方招聘进入甲公司的
C.孟某曾经自学了会计学专业知识
D.孔某在甲公司做销售工作
E.孔某和孟某在大学阶段不是同学
[答案]B
52.入冬以来,天气渐渐寒冷。11月30日,某地气象台对未来5天的天气预报显示:未来5天每天的最高气温从4°C开始逐日下降至-1°C;每天的最低气温不低于-6°C;最低气温-6°C只出现在其中一天。预报还包含如下信息:
(1)未来5天中的最高气温和最低气温不会出现在同一天,每天的最高气温和最低气温均为整数;
(2)若5号的最低气温是未来5天中最低的，则2号的最低气温比4号的高49C;
(3)2号和4号每天的最高温与最低温之差均为5°C。
根据以上预报信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.1号的最低气温比2号的高2°C
B.3号的最高气温比4号的高1°C
C.4号的最高气温比5号的高19°C
D.3号的最低气温为-6°C
E.2号的最低气温为-3°C
[答案]D
53.甲:张某爱出风头,我不喜欢他。
乙:你不喜欢他没关系,他工作一直很努力，成绩很突出。
以吓哪项与上述反驳方式最为相似?
A.甲:李某爱慕虚荣，我很反对。乙:反对有一定道理,但你也应该体谅一下他,他身边的朋友都是成功人士
B.甲:贾某整天学*，言少语,神情严肃，我很担心他。乙:你的担心是多余的。他最近在潜心准备考研,有些紧张是正常的
C.甲:韩某爱管闲事,我有点讨厌他。乙:你的态度有问题。爱管闲事说明他关心别人，乐乐助人
D.甲:钟某爱看足球赛,但自己从来不踢足球,对此我很不理解。乙:我对你的想法也不理解,欣赏和参与是两回事啊
E.甲:邓某爱读书但不求甚解,对此我很有看法。乙:你有看法没用。他的文学素养挺高，已经发表了3小说
[答案]E
54-55题基于以下题干
某机关甲、乙、丙、丁4人参加本年度综合考评。在德、能、勤、绩、廉5个方面的单项考评中,他们之中都恰有3人被评为“优秀”,但没有人5个单项均被评为“优秀”。已知:
(1)若甲和乙在德方面均被评为“优秀”,则他们在廉方面也均被评为“优秀”;
(2)若乙和丙在德方面均被评为“优秀”,则他们在绩方面也均被评为“优秀”;
(3)若甲在廉方面被评为“优秀”,则甲和丁在绩方面均被评为“优秀”。
54.根据上述信息,可以得出以下哪项?
A.甲在廉方面被评为“优秀”
B.丙在绩方面被评为“优秀”
C.丙在能方面被评为“优秀”
D.丁在勤方面被评为“优秀”
E.丁在德方面被评为“优秀”
[答案]E
55.若甲在绩方面未被评为“优秀\”盯在能方面未被评为“优秀”,则可以得出以下哪项?
A.甲在勤方面未被评为“优秀”
B.甲在能方面未被评为“优秀”
C.乙在德方面未被评为“优秀”
D.丙在廉方面未被评为“优秀”
E.J在廉方面未被评为“优秀”
[答案]C
论证有效性分析
分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点,写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。
56.论证有效性分析:分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点写一篇600字左右的文章对该论证的有效性进行分析和评述。(论证有效性分析的一般要点是概念及主要概念界定和使用的准确性及前后是否互相矛盾。有无各种
明显的逻辑错误论据是否支持结论:论据的成立条件是否充分。还要注意逻辑结构和语言运用。)
随着人口的老龄化,大家都在谈论老年人还要不要继续工作的话题。我们认为，老年人应该继续工作。
我国《宪法》规定:“中华公民有劳动的权利和义务。”由此可见,年人继续工作是法律赋予他们的权利。
据统计,我国2019年的人均预期寿命已经达到77.3岁，这说明老年人的健康水平大大提高了，所以老年人完全有能力继续工作。
如果老年人不再继续工作而退出劳动力市场，就势必会打破劳动力市场的原有平衡,从而造成社会劳动力的短缺。如果老年人继续工作，就能有效地避免这一问题。此外,老年人有权利追求更高质量的生活。他们想增加收入,改善生活，就应该继续工作。再说,有规律的生訪式有益于身体健康,而工作实际上是一种有规律的生活方式,所以老年人继续工作还有于身体健康。
[解析]①材料中通过“我国公民有劳动的权利和义务”，引出“老年人继续工作是法律赋予他们的权利”，因而“老年人应该继续工作\”,这有失偏颇。法律法规中所涉及权利和义务主体必须相对应统一，即处于法定年龄段的公民，而材料论述脱离了这一基础。如，幼儿同样属于公民，但其没有工作的权利义务,我们更不会要求其进行工作。
②材料中,论述者由我国2019年的人均预期寿命已经达到77.3岁”,说明老年人的健康水平大大提高，得出“老年人完全有能力继续工作”,显然过于轻率。“寿命”是对生命存在时间长度的描述,而“健康水平\”描述的是生体机能,故“寿命增长”未必能等同于“健康水平提高”。另外,即便老年人健康水平提高,也未必能达到工作所要求的健康水平。
③材料中论述,如果老年人退出劳动力市场，就势必造成社会劳动力的短缺,如果老年人继续工作,就能有效地避免一问题。这太过轻率,难以令人信服。如此默认社会劳动力供给的唯一影响因素就是老年人，但是未达退休年龄有良好身体机能的成年人、他国外来务工人员等也都对我国社会劳动力供给造成重要影响。
④文中,由将工作实质化为一种有规律的生活方式，得出老年人继续工作有益于其身体健康,缺乏说服力。撇去高体力、脑力的工作不说,普通工作老年人也未必能达到相应水平,况且不少工作时常加班、熬夜,所以工作的实质并不一定是有规律的生活方式。那么,老年人继续工作就未必有益于其身体健康。(也可以是老年人追求有规律的生活方式未必要靠工作)
论说文
根据下述材料,写一篇700字左右的论说文题目自拟。
57.论说文:根据下述材料写一篇700字左右的论说文,题目自拟。
人们常说“艺术”,可见与艺术之间存在着某种相似点，如一个团队完成某项任务就和指挥一个乐队演奏某首乐曲一样。
[答案]
[解析]立意:艺术、力、合作中心论点:管理者应拥有力
2023年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案
2023年考研英语（一）真题及参考答案
一、完形填空
Use of English
Caravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Road in areas includingChina, North Africa and the Middle East. They were typically __1__ outside the walls of a city or village and were usually funded by governments of __2__.
This word “Caravanserais” is a __3__ of the Persian word “karvan”, which means a group of travellers or a caravan, and seray, a palace or enclosed building. The Perm caravan was used to __4__ groups of people who travelled together across the ancient network for safety reasons, __5__ merchants, travellers or pilgrims.
From the 10th century onwards, as merchant and travel routes become more developed, the __6__ of the Caravanserais increased and they served as a safe place for people to rest at night. Travellers on the Silk Road __7__ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being __8__ to extreme conditions. For this reason, Caravanserais were strategically placed __9__ they could be reached in a day’s travel time.
Caravanserais served as an informal __10__ point for the various people who travelled the Silk Road. __11__, those structures became important centers for culture __12__ and interaction, with travelers sharing their cultures, ideas and beliefs, __13__ talking knowledge with them, greatly __14__ the development of several civilizations.
Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commodities and __15__ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road. __16__, it was frequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their wares and __17__ supplies for their own journeys. It is __18__ that around 120000 to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road, __19__ only about 3000 are known to remain today, many of which are in __20__.
1.第1题答案是
A.displayed
B.occupied
C.located
D. equpped
[答案] C
2.第2题答案是
A.privately
B.regularly
C.respectively
D.permanently
[答案] A
第3题答案是_
A.definition
B.transition
C.substitution
D.combination
[答案] B
第4题答案是_
A.cassify
B.record
C.describe
D.connect
[答案] C
第5题答案是
A.apart from
B.instead of
C.ochas
D.along with
[答案] C
第6题答案是
A.construction
B.restoration
C. impression
D.evaluation
[答案] A
第7题答案是_
A.doubted
B.faced
C. acepted
D.reduced
[答案] B
第8题答案是
A.assigned
B.subjected
C.accustomed
D.opposed
[答案] B
第9题答案是
A.so that
B.even if
C.now that
D.in case
[答案] A
第10题答案是_
A.tlking
B.starting
C.breaking
D.meeting
[答案] D
第11题答案是
A.By the way
B.On occasion
C.In comparison
D. As a result
[答案] D
第12题答案是
A.heritage
B.revival
C.exchange
D.status
[答案]C
第13题答案是
A.with regard to
B in spite of
C.as well as
D.in line with
[答案] C
第14题答案是
A.completing
B.influencing
C.resuming
D.pioneering
[答案] B
第15题答案是
A.aided
B.invested
C.aile
D.competed
[答案] A
第16题答案是_
A.Rather
B.Indeed
C.Otherwise
D.However
[答案] B
第17题答案是
A.go in for
B.stand up for
C.close in on
D.stock up on
[答案] D
第18题答案是_
A.believed
B. predicted
C.recalled
D. implied
[答案] A
第19题答案是
A.until
B.because
C.unless
D.although
[答案] D
第20题答案是
A.ruins
B.debt
C.fashion
D.series
[答案] A
二、阅读理解
Text 1
The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.
Pat Hardy, who sympathized with views of the energy sector, is resisting the proposed change to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasise the primacy of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of mitigation measures.
Most scientists and experts sharply dispute Hardy’s views. “They casually dismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion.” says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education，“What millions of Texas kids learn in their public schools is determined too often by the political ideology of partisan board members, rather than facts and sound scholarship.”
Such debate reflects fierce discussion discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.
A study last year by the National Center for Science Education, a non-profit group of scientists and teachers, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a disproportionate influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.
Glenn Branch, the centre’s deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited benchmark in a country that decentralises decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, “that does not mean it will be taught”, he says.
Another issue is that while climate change is well integrated into some subjects and at some ages — such as earth and space sciences in high schools — it is not as well represented in curricula for younger children and in subjects that are more widely taught, such as biology and chemistry. It is also less prominent in many social studies courses.
Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more slanted perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks and energy industry associations.
21.In paragraph1, the weather in Texas is mentioned to
A.forecast a policy shift in Texas schools.
B.stress the consequences of climate change
C. indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting
D. draw the public\’s attention to energy shortages.
[答案] C
22. What does Quinn think of Hardy?
A.she exaggerates the existing panic
B.she denies the value of scientific work
C.she shows no concern for pre-teens.
D.she expresses self-contradictory views.
[答案] B
23. The study mentioned in Paragraph_
A.climate education is insufficient at state public schools.
B policy makers have lttle drive for science education.
C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks.
D.environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.
[答案] A
24. According to Branch, state-level science standards in the US_
A.call for regular revision
B.require urgent application
C.have limited influence
D.cater to local needs
[答案] C
25. Itis implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching in some schools_
A.agree to major public demands
B.reflects teachers\’ personal bias
C.may misrepresent the energy sector
D.can be swayed by external forces
[答案] D
Text 2
Communities throughout the region have been attempting to regulate short-term rentals since sites like Airbnb took off in the 2010s. Now, with record-high home prices and historically low inventory, there’s an increased urgency in such regulation, particularly among those who worry that developers will come in and buy up swaths of housing to flip for a fortune on the short-term rental market.
In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market. The state Legislature recently voted against a bill that would’ve made it illegal for towns to create legislation restricting short-term rentals.
“We are at a crisis level on the supply of rental housing, so anytime you’re taking the tool out of the toolkit for communities to address this, you’re potentially taking supply off the market that’s already incredibly stressed,’’ said Nick Taylor, executive director of the Workforce Housing Coalition of the Greater Seacoast. Without enough affordable housing in southern New Hampshire towns, “employers are having a hard time attracting employees, and workers are having a hard time finding a place to live,’’ Taylor said.
However, short-term rentals also provide housing for tourists, a crucial part of the economies in places like Nantucket, Cape Cod, or the towns that make up New Hampshire’s Seacoast and Lakes Region, pointed out Ryan Castle, CEO of the Cape Cod & Islands Association of Realtors. “A lot of workers are servicing the tourist industry, and the tourism industry is serviced by those people coming in short term,’’ Castle said, “and so it’s a cyclical effect.’’
Short-term rentals themselves are not the crux of the issue, said Keren Horn, an affordable housing policy expert at the University of Massachusetts Boston. “I think individuals being able to rent out their second home is a good thing. If it’s their vacation home anyway, and it’s just empty, why can’t you make money off it?’’ Horn said. Issues arise, however, when developers attempt to create large-scale short-term rental facilities — de facto hotels — to bypass taxes and regulations. “I think the question is, shouldn’t a developer who’s really building a hotel, but disguising it as not a hotel, be treated and taxed and regulated like a hotel?’’ Horn said.
At the end of 2018, Governor Charlie Baker signed a bill to rein in those potential investor-buyers. “The bill requires every rental host to register with the state, mandates they carry insurance, and opens the potential for local taxes on top of a new state levy,’’ the Globe reported. Boston took things even further, limiting who is authorized to rent out their home, and requiring renters to register with the city’s Inspectional Services Department.
Horn said similar registration requirements could benefit other struggling cities and towns. The only way to solve the issue, however, is by creating more housing. “If we want to make a change in the housing market, the main one is we have to build a lot more.’’
26. Which of the following is true of New England?
A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.
B .Its communities are in need of funding.
C.Its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly
D.Its home prices are under strict control.
[答案] A
27.The bill mentioned in Pargaph2was intended to
A.cutb sortem enta speculation.
B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.
C.punish ilgal dealings in housing.
D.allow a free short-term rental market.
[答案] D
28.Compared with Castle, Taylor is more likely to support
A.further investment in local tourism.
B.an increase in affordable housing.
C.strict management of real estate agents.
D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.
[答案] B
29.What does Horn emphasize in Paragraph ?
A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.
B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.
C.The necessty to stop developers from evading taxes.
D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.
[答案] C
30 .Horn holds that imposing registration requirements 1S
A.an irrational decision.
B.an unfeasible proposal
C.an unnecessary measure.
D.an inadequate solution.
[ 答案] D
Text 3
If you’re heading for your nearest branch of Waterstones in search of the Duchess of Sus’s new children’s book The Bench, you might have to be prepared to hunt around a bit; the same may be true of The President\’s Daughter, the new thriller by Bill Clinton and James Patterson. Both of these books are published next week by Penguin Random House, a company currently involved in a stand-off with Waterstones.
The problem began late last year, when Penguin Random House confirmed that it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones “at a very significant level”. The trade magazine The Bookseller reported that Waterstones branch managers were being told to remove PRH books from prominent areas such as tables, display spaces and windows, and were “quietly retiring them to their relevant sections”.
PRH declined to comment on the issue, but a spokesperson for Waterstones told me: “Waterstones are currently operating with reduced credit terms from PRH, the only publisher in the UK to place any limitations on our ability to trade. We are not ing PRH titles but we are doing our utmost to ensure that availability for customers remains good despite the lower overall levels of stock. We do this generally by giving their titles less prominent positioning within our bookshops. “We are hopeful with our shops now open again that normality will return and that we will be allowed to buy appropriately. Certainly, our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales are very strong. The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed any month since 2018.”
In the meantime, PRH authors have been the losers – as have customers, who might expect the new titles from the country’s biggest publisher to be prominently displayed by its biggest book retailer. Big-name PRH authors may suffer a bit, but it’s those mid-list authors, who normally rely on Waterstones staff’s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers, who will be praying for an end to the dispute.
It comes at a time when authors are already worried about the consequences of the proposed merger between PRH and another big publisher, Simon & Schuster – the reduction in the number of unaligned UK publishers is likely to lead to fewer bidding wars, lower advances, and more conformity in terms of what is published. And one wonders if PRH would have been confident enough to deal with Waterstones in the way it has if it weren’t quite such a big company (it was formed with the merger of Penguin and Random House in 2013) and likely to get bigger.
“This is all part of a wider change towards concentration of power and cartels. Literary agencies are getting bigger to have the clout to negotiate better terms with publishers, publishers consolidating to deal with Amazon,” says Lownie. “The publishing industry talks about diversity in terms of authors and staff but it also needs a plurality of ways of delivering intellectual contact, choice and different voices. After all, many of the most interesting books in recent years have come from small publishers.”
We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of the current need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.
31.The author mentions two books in Paragraph 1 to present
A.an ongoing conflict.
B .an intellectual concept.
C.a prevailing sentiment.
D.a literary phenomenon.
[答案] A
32. Why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevant sections?
A.To make them easily noticeable.
B.To comply with PRH\’s requirement.
C.To respond to PRH\’s business move.
D.To arrange them in a systematic way.
[答案] C
33. What message does the spokesperson for Waterstones seem to convey?
A.Their customers remain loyal.
B.The credit limit will be removed.
C.Their stock is underestimated.
D.The book market is rather slack.
[答案] B
34. What can be one consequence of the current dispute?
A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.
B.Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticism.
C.Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors\’ books.
D.Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.
[答案] A
35. Which of the following statements best represents Lownie\’s view?
A.Small publishers ought to stick together.
B.Big publishers will lose their dominance.
C.The publishing industry is having a hard time.
D.The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.
[答案] C
Text 4
Scientific papers are the recordkeepers of progress in research. Each year researchers publish millions of papers in more than 30,000 journals. The scientific community measures the quality of those papers in a number of ways, including the perceived quality of the journal (as reflected by the title’s impact factor) and the number of citations a specific paper accumulates. The careers of scientists and the reputation of their institutions depend on the number and prestige of the papers they produce, but even more so on the citations attracted by these papers.
In recent years, there have been several episodes of scientific fraud, including completely made-up data, massaged or doctored figures, multiple publications of the same data, theft of complete articles, plagiarism of text, and self-plagiarism. And some scientists have come up with another way to artificially boost the number of citations to their work.
Citation cartels, where journals, authors, and institutions conspire to inflate citation numbers, have existed for a long time. In 2016, researchers developed an algorithm to recognize suspicious citation patterns, including groups of authors that disproportionately cite one another and groups of journals that cite each other frequently to increase the impact factors of their publications. Recently, I came across yet another expression of this predatory behavior: so-called support service consultancies that provide language and other editorial support to individual authors and to journals sometimes advise contributors to add a number of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues. Some of these consultancies are also active in organizing conferences and can advise that citations be added to conference proceedings. In this manner, a single editor can drive hundreds of citations in the direction of his own articles or those of colleagues that may be in his circle.
How insidious is this type of citation manipulation? In one example, an individual—acting as author, editor, and consultant—was able to use at least 15 journals as citation providers to articles published by five scientists at three universities. The problem is rampant in Scopus, which includes a high number of the new “international” journals. In fact, a listing in Scopus seems to be a criterion to be targeted in this type of citation manipulation.
36. According to Paragraph 1. the careers of scientists can be determined by_
A how many citations their works contain
B how many times their papers are cited
C.the prestige of the people they work with
D.the status they have in scientific circles
[答案] B
37.The support service consultancies tend to
A.recommend journals to their clients.
B.list citation patterns their clients.
C.ask authors to include extra citations
D.advise contributors to cite each other
[答案] C
38.The Function of the“milk cow\” journals is to
A.boost citation counts for certain authors
B.help scholars publish articles at low cost
C.instruct F irst-time contributors in citation
D.increase the readership of new journals.
[答案] A
39. What can be learned about Scopus From the last two paragraphs ?
A.It Fosters competition among citation providers
B.It has the capability to identify suspicious citations
C.It hinders the growth of \”international\” journals
D.It established to prevent citation manipulation
[答案] B
40. What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?
A.Take legal action
B.Demand an apology
C. Seek professional advice
D. Reveal their misconduct
[答案] D
三、阅读理解Part B
下列每小题的四个选项中,只有-项是 最符合题意的正确答案,多选、错选或不选均不得分。
Reading Part B
A. Last year marks the 150th anniversary of a series of Yellowstone photographs by the renowned landscape photographer William Henry Jackson. He captured the first-ever shots of iconic landmarks such as the Tetons, Old Faithful and the Colorado Rockies.
B. Two centuries ago, the idea of preserving nature, rather than exploiting it, was a novel one to many U.S. settlers. One of the turning points in public support for land conservation efforts — and recognizing the magnificence of the Yellowstone region in particular — came in the form of vivid photographs.
C. As an effective Washington operator, Hayden sensed that he could capitalize on the expedition’s stunning visuals. He asked Jackson to print out large copies and distributed them, along with reproductions of Moran’s paintings, to each member of Congress. “The visualization, particularly those photographs, really hit home that this is something that has to be protected,” says Murphy.
D. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area’s riches, most Americans did not. That’s why Hayden’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the Yellowstone River region, from its hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourage of scientists, the team also included artists: Painter Thomas Moran and photographer William Henry Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
E.The journey officially began in Ogden, Utah, on June 8,1871. Over nearly four months, dozen of man made their way on horseback into Montana and traversed along the Yellowstone River and around Yellowstone lake. That fall, they concluded the survey in fort Bridger, Wyoming
F. Though Native Americans (and later miners and fur trappers) had long recognized the area\’s riches, most Americans did not. That\’s why Hayden\’s expedition aimed to produce a fuller understanding of the yellowstone river region, from it\’s hot springs and waterfalls to its variety of flora and fauna. In addition to the entourge of scientists, the team also included artists : Painter Thomas Moran and photographer Jackson were charged with capturing this astounding natural beauty and sharing it with the world.
G.The bill proved largely popular and sailed through Congress with large majorities in favor. In quick succession, the Senate and House passed legislation protecting yellowstone in early 1872 . That March, President Ulysses S.Grant signed an act into law that established Yellowstone as the world\’s first national park. while some locals opposed to the designation, the decision was largely accepted-and Jackson\’s photos played a key role in the fight to protect the area. I don\’t believe that the legal protection would have happened in the timeframe that it did without those images , says Heather Hansen, journalist and author of Prophets and Moguls, Rangers and Rogues, Bisonord Bears : 100 years of the national Park Service.
H .Perhaps most importantly, the images provided documentary evidence that later made its way to government officials. Weeks after completing the expedition, Hayden collected his team’s observation into an extensive rep aimed at convincing Senators and Representatives, along with colleagues at government agency like the department of Interior that Yellowstone ought to be preserved.
41. B
42. F
43. D
44. C
45. G
四、翻译题
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.
46. AI can also be used to identify the lifestyles choices of customers regarding their hobbies,favorite celebrities,and fashions to provide unique content in marketing messages put out through social media.
【参考译文】人工智能还可以用来识别出消费者生活方式的选择，包括他们的爱好、最喜欢的名人和时尚，从而通过社交媒体发布的营销信息来提供独特的内容。
47. Some believe that Al is negatively impacting on the marketer\’s role by reducing creativity and removing jobs,but they are aware that it is a way of reducing costs and creating new information.
【参考译文】一些人认为，人工智能通过减少创造力和工作机会对营销人员产生了负面影响，但他们也意识到，这是一种降低成本和创造新信息的方式。
48.Algorithms used to stimulate human interactions are creating many of these concerns,especially as no-one is quite sure what the outcomes of using Al to interact with customers will be.
【参考译文】用于刺激人际互动的算法正在引发许多此类担忧，尤其是在没有人非常确定使用人工智能与客户互动的结果会是什么情况下。
49.If customers are not willing to share data.AI will be starved of essential information and will not beable to function effectively or employ machine learning to improve its marketing content and communication.
【参考译文】如果客户不愿意分享数据，人工智能将缺乏必要的信息，无法有效地发挥作用，也无法使用机器学*来改善其营销内容和传播。
50.The non-intrusive delivery of the marketing message in a way that is sensitive to the needs of target customers is one of the critical challenges to the digital marketer.
【参考译文】以一种对目标客户需求敏感的方式非侵入式地传递营销信息是数字营销人员面临的关键挑战之一。
五、写作Part B
根据材料要求写一篇作文。
Writing Part A
Directions:
Write a notice to recruit a student for Prof. Smith’s research project on campus sports activities. Specify the duties and requirements of the job.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
【参考范文】
Notice
December 24,2022
Professor Smith is looking for a student to join his research program regarding campus sports activities.The duties of the position require that the student collects data on campussports activities to be analyzed by the research team. This includes observing various athletic events, speaking to student athletes, staff, and faculty,and documenting their experiences.
In addition to data collection, thestudent will also be responsible for organizing meetings with Professor Smith or other research team members to discuss project progress. The successful applicant should be highly organized, patient, and have a keen interest and knowledge in sports.
If you are interested in joining thisresearch program, please contact us at email@123.com to apply.
Students\’ Union
Writing Part B
【参考范文】
Unfolded in the elaborately painted cartoon is an eye-catching and thought-stimulating scene:some young men are rowing dragon boats,and a large number of people crowded to watch the game. An aged grandma turned to her spouse and said cheerfully:“it is wonderful that the Dragon Boat racing is getting increasingly lively in our village.”Apparently, what the cartoonist attempts to emphasize is the inheritance of traditional culture.
There is no denying that our Chinese, in recent years, have been attaching great importance to the carrying of the traditional culture and bringing it to vitality. Traditions are supposed to be inherited and advocated from one generation to another. Like tangible cultural heritages such as Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and celebration of traditional festivals are equally crucial. As a country consisting ofa great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages, which connect modern people to the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
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